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Parallel processing - Emerging computer technology that allows more than one computation at the same time.

Classification of parallel computers

• Single Instruction Single Data (SISD)
• Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD)
• Multiple Instruction Single Data (MISD)
• Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD)

Types of parallel processors

• Array processors
• Distributed Architecture
• Multiprocessors
• Data flow architectures

Interconnection structures

• Time - shared common bus
• Multiport memory
• Crossbar switch

Cache - A section of very high-speed memory that is used to temporarily store data before it is used by the PC’s processor. A cache can dramatically speed up the effective rate at which data is read from a hard disk drive.

Cache Coherence - It is a situation in which all the Cache copies of shared variables in a multiprocessor system do not have the same value at all the times.

Pipelining and Vector Processing

Memory Interleaving

Types of Array Processors

• Attached Array Processors
• SIMD Array Processors
• Associative Array Processing

RISC – Reduced Instruction Set Computers

Characteristics of RISC architecture

CISC – Complex Instruction Set computers

RISC Pipelining