Phases and Processes of O.R.
- Formulate the problem: This is the most important process,
it is generally lengthy and time consuming. The activities that constitute
this step are visits, observations, research, etc. With the help of
such activities, the O.R. scientist gets sufficient information and
support to proceed and is better prepared to formulate the problem.
This process starts with understanding of the organizational climate,
its objectives and expectations. Further, the alternative courses
of action are discovered in this step.
- Develop a model: Once a problem is formulated, the next step
is to express the problem into a mathematical model that represents
systems, processes or environment in the form of equations, relationships
or formulas. We have to identify both the static and dynamic structural
elements, and device mathematical formulas to represent the interrelationships
among elements. The proposed model may be field tested and modified
in order to work under stated environmental constraints. A model may
also be modified if the management is not satisfied with the answer
that it gives.
- Select appropriate data input: Garbage in and garbage out
is a famous saying. No model will work appropriately if data input
is not appropriate. The purpose of this step is to have sufficient
input to operate and test the model.
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"Data quality is
the difference between a data warehouse and a data garbage dump. "
- Jarrett Rosenberg |
- Solution of the model: After selecting the appropriate data
input, the next step is to find a solution. If the model is not behaving
properly, then updating and modification is considered at this stage.
- Validation of the model: A model is said to be valid if it
can provide a reliable prediction of the system’s performance. A model
must be applicable for a longer time and can be updated from time
to time taking into consideration the past, present and future aspects
of the problem.
- Implement the solution: The implementation of the solution
involves so many behavioural issues and the implementing authority
is responsible for resolving these issues. The gap between one who
provides a solution and one who wishes to use it should be eliminated.
To achieve this, O.R. scientist as well as management should play
a positive role. A properly implemented solution obtained through
O.R. techniques results in improved working and wins the management
support.
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